Femtocells have the potential to transform communications by making the mobile device the tool of choice even in home settings. However, vendors and operators face substantial technical challenges to realize the potential of femtocells. For example, femtocells will increase the number of base stations by several orders of magnitude over the existing “macro” base station infrastructures. This increase will demand new approaches to areas such as mobility and interference mitigation. At such volumes, femtocell vendors will also need to follow an aggressive cost curve. Femtocells will require new approaches to installation and configuration, because they will be installed by non-technical users. Flat femtocell network architecture collapses the base station, radio network controller, and packet data nodes of a macro-cellular radio network into a small femtocell access point.
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